Turkmenistan: A Nation of Contradictions Essay -- Turkmenistan Turkme

Turkmenistan: A Nation of Contradictions In October 2001, the Central Asian nation Turkmenistan praised its tenth year of autonomy. Once in the past the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (T.S.S.R), Turkmenistan picked up its power with the breakdown of its socialist partner, the Soviet Union in 1991. Be that as it may, there is a lot to be examined regarding the status of the â€Å"democratic† republic which works Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan works as an administration who has chosen a deep rooted despot, bolstered the Taliban system of Afghanistan, and permits no political restriction in any â€Å"democratic† work. Turkmenistan outskirts the Caspian Sea and the countries of Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. The land is for the most part desert, giving minimal rural help to the Turkmen economy. Turkmenistan’s fundamental ventures incorporate oil, oil, cotton, and materials, all of which they trade. In excess of 85 percent of the working populace, be that as it may, works in agribusiness. Most different assets are imported from encompassing nations, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. A current objective of Turkmenistan to create more incomes is to assemble a transnational pipeline transport framework to siphon gas and oil through to Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan. Sending out gas and oil from Turkmenistan has given the country a financial bit of leeway over its previous Soviet partners, making Turkmenistan the country who rose the quickest to its feet in the wake of picking up its autonomy. Or then again so Turkmenistan says. Monetary investigators outside the previous republics of the Soviet Union will in general exclude these cases dependent on the strategies the Turkmen government has used to announce itself monetarily steady. The United States Department of... ...he socialist soul that was as far as anyone knows passed on with the fall of the U.S.S.R. also, its partners, making relations among Turkmenistan and any nation worth addressing. In the event that Turkmenistan would consider disavowing the lifetime term of their leader and begin complying with their sacred laws, the country might one be able to day lose its socialist conventions and stream into the transnationalist mixing of the world that is starting for the more entrenched nations of the world. Reference index Focal Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov International safe haven of Turkmenistan: United States. www.turkmenistanembassy.org Library of Congress. www.loc.gov Mandelbaum, Michael. â€Å"Central Asia†¦ And the World.† New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1994. Rashid, Ahmed. â€Å"The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism?† Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1994. Turkmenistan: A Nation of Contradictions Essay - Turkmenistan Turkme Turkmenistan: A Nation of Contradictions In October 2001, the Central Asian nation Turkmenistan praised its tenth year of autonomy. Once in the past the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (T.S.S.R), Turkmenistan picked up its sway with the breakdown of its socialist partner, the Soviet Union in 1991. In any case, there is a lot to be examined regarding the status of the â€Å"democratic† republic which works Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan works as an administration who has chosen a long lasting tyrant, bolstered the Taliban system of Afghanistan, and permits no political restriction in any â€Å"democratic† work. Turkmenistan fringes the Caspian Sea and the countries of Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan. The land is generally desert, giving minimal horticultural help to the Turkmen economy. Turkmenistan’s principle businesses incorporate oil, oil, cotton, and materials, all of which they trade. In excess of 85 percent of the working populace, be that as it may, works in agribusiness. Most different assets are imported from encompassing nations, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. A current objective of Turkmenistan to create more incomes is to assemble a transnational pipeline transport foundation to siphon gas and oil through to Iran, Turkey, and Pakistan. Sending out gas and oil from Turkmenistan has given the country a financial favorable position over its previous Soviet partners, making Turkmenistan the country who rose the quickest to its feet in the wake of picking up its autonomy. Or then again so Turkmenistan says. Monetary experts outside the previous r epublics of the Soviet Union will in general preclude these cases dependent on the techniques the Turkmen government has used to proclaim itself monetarily steady. The United States Department of... ...he socialist soul that was as far as anyone knows passed on with the fall of the U.S.S.R. also, its partners, making relations among Turkmenistan and any nation worth addressing. In the event that Turkmenistan would consider disavowing the lifetime term of their leader and begin maintaining their protected laws, the country might one be able to day lose its socialist conventions and stream into the transnationalist mixing of the world that is starting for the more settled nations of the world. Book index Focal Intelligence Agency. www.cia.gov International safe haven of Turkmenistan: United States. www.turkmenistanembassy.org Library of Congress. www.loc.gov Mandelbaum, Michael. â€Å"Central Asia†¦ And the World.† New York, Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1994. Rashid, Ahmed. â€Å"The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism?† Karachi, Oxford University Press, 1994.

Definition and Examples of Chiasmus Figure of Speech

Definition and Examples of Chiasmus Figure of Speech In talk, chiasmus is a verbal example (a kind of absolute opposite) in which the second 50% of an articulation is offset against the first with the parts turned around. Basically equivalent to antimetabole. Descriptive word: chiastic. Plural: chiasmus or chiasmi. Note that a chiasmus incorporates anadiplosis, yet only one out of every odd anadiplosis switches itself in the way of a chiasmus. Models and Observations You overlook what you need to recollect, and you recall what you need to forget.Your composition is both acceptable and unique, however the part that is acceptable isn't unique, and the part that is unique isn't good.If dark men have no rights according to the white men, obviously, the whites can have none according to the blacks.The craft of progress is to safeguard request in the midst of progress and to save change in the midst of order.Chiasmus as verbal judoThe root design is called chiasmus in light of the fact that diagrammed, it frames a X, and the Greek name for X is chi. At the point when John Kennedy developed his renowned bromide, Ask not what your nation can accomplish for you but rather what you can accomplish for your nation, he went to the Well of Antithesis for his dynamic fixing. Where does the X power come from?... Clearly, a verbal judo is busy working here. By keeping the expression yet upsetting its significance we utilize our adversaries own capacity to conquer him, similarly as a judo master does. So a researcher commented of anothers hypothesis, Cannon engages that hypothesis since that hypothesis engages Cannon. The quip on engage muddles the chiasmus here, however the judo still prevailsCannon is playing with the intensity of his own psyche as opposed to making sense of the privileged insights of the universe. The lighter side of chiasmusStarkist doesnt need fish with great taste, Starkist needs fish that preferences great! Articulation ki-AZ-mus Otherwise called Antimetabole, epanodos, upset parallelism, switch parallelism, jumble cites, grammatical reversal, turnaround Sources Cormac McCarthy, The Road, 2006Samuel JohnsonFrederick Douglass, An Appeal to Congress for Impartial SuffrageAlfred North WhiteheadRichard A. Lanham, Analyzing Prose, second ed. Continuum, 2003

How Are Scores on IQ Tests Calculated

How Are Scores on IQ Tests Calculated Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How Are Scores on IQ Tests Calculated? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Updated on February 20, 2020 Sean Gladwell / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Youve probably heard of IQ tests and understand that they measure intelligence. People talk a lot about IQ scores, but the fact is that many people are not quite sure what these scores really mean. What exactly is a high IQ score? What is an average IQ? What kind of score does it take to be considered a genius? In order to understand what all these numbers really mean, it is important to understand how scores on these tests are calculated. While many tests utilize similar methods to derive their scores, it is also important to note that each test is different and scoring methods may not be the same from one test to another.?? IQ Tests Are Standardized In order to adequately assess and interpret test scores, scientists who develop IQ tests use a process known as standardization. What exactly does this mean? The standardization process involves administering the test to a representative sample of the entire population that will eventually take the test.?? This initial sample represents the total population as accurately as possible and reflects many of the things that are present in the general population. For example, a representative sample should include the same percentage of individuals of certain sexes and ages as one would find in the total population.   Each test taker completes the test under the same conditions as all other participants in the sample group. This process allows IQ test developers to establish norms, or standards, by which individual scores can be compared. Most IQ Tests Are Normally Distributed Intelligence test scores typically follow what is known as a normal distribution, a bell-shaped curve in which the majority of scores lie near or around the average score. For example, the majority of scores (about 68%) on the Wechsler series of intelligence tests tend to lie between plus 15 or minus 15 points from the average score of 100. This means that approximately 68% of people who take this test will score somewhere between 85 and 115. As you look further toward the extreme ends of the distribution, scores tend to become less common. How common are very high IQ scores? Very few individuals (approximately 0.2%) receive a score of more than 145 (indicating a very high IQ) or less than 55 (indicating a very low IQ) on the test. In many cases, an IQ score that falls below 70 is considered low IQ, while a score of about 140 indicates high IQ. In the past, scores below 70 were used as a marker to identify intellectual disabilities. Today, test scores alone are not enough to diagnose an intellectual disability and diagnosticians also consider factors such as the age of onset and adaptive skills. A Closer Look at IQ Scores The following is a rough breakdown of various IQ score ranges. Some tests present scores differently and with differing interpretations of what those scores might mean. However, it is important to remember that IQ tests are only one measure of intelligence. Many experts suggest that other important elements contribute to intelligence, including social and emotional factors. Some experts even suggest that these social and emotional skills actually matter more than IQ when it comes to determining success in life.??   IQ Classifications IQ Level Descriptive Classification 130+ Very Superior 120 to 129 Superior 110 to 119 High Average 90 to 109 Average 80 to 89 Low Average 70 to 79 Borderline 69 below Intellectual Disability These classifications come from the Wechsler series of IQ tests for children and adults. What Do IQ Tests Measure? There are a number of different intelligence tests in existence and their content can vary considerably.?? French psychologist Alfred Binet was the first to develop a formal test of intelligence and a form of his original test is still in use today as the Stanford-Binet intelligence test. Later, psychologist Charles Spearman developed a concept of general intelligence, or a general mental ability to perform a wide variety of cognitive tasks. Modern intelligence tests often focus on abilities such as mathematical skills, memory, spatial perception, and language abilities. The capacity to see relationships, solve problems, and remember information are important components of intelligence, so these are often the skills on which IQ tests focus. Some commonly used intelligence tests include the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Stanford-Binet, the Cognitive Assessment System, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, and the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Important Points to Remember A few key things to remember about how IQ scores are calculated: IQ test scores are normally distributed and follow a roughly bell-shaped curveModern IQ tests compare individuals of the same age groupReliable IQ tests should provide consistent results. People should score roughly the same each time they take the test.While higher IQ scores are linked to increased health, academic performance, and overall well-being, these scores do not necessarily predict an individuals success in life. A Word From Verywell IQ tests are among the most commonly administered psychological tests. In order to understand what these scores really mean, it is essential to look at exactly how these test scores are calculated. Today, many tests are standardized and scores are derived by comparing individual performance against the norms for the individuals age group. While IQ scores can reveal information about an individuals abilities in certain domains, it is also important to remember that other factors, including such things as adaptive skills, emotional intelligence, and task performance, are also important indicators of an individuals capabilities.